[영어문법] 분사구문 개념, 예문, 예시, 예외, 관용숙어

[분사구문]

: 문장을 자연스럽게 줄이는법

When I was studying, I almost fell asleep"

(1) 접속사 지음: I was studying, I almost fell asleep

(2) 주어 같으면 지음+시제 같으면 접속사에 붙었던 사제를 동사원형으로 변경: Being studying, I almost fell asleep

: 분사구문에서 생략되는 접속사의 80% 시간의 접속사 ex) when/ as/ while(대부분 '~하면서', '~인채로' 해석)

ex) He couldn't join us, since he was(being) ill

ex) Although he was tired, he couldn't fall asleep

    -> Tired, he couldn't fall asleep

- 과거완료 분사구문

: 수동태 문장이 분사구문으로 바뀌면서 자연스럽게 만들어짐

ex) Because he was(being) known as a player, he couldn't find a girlfriend

    -> Known as a player, he couldn't find a girlfriend

분사구문 위치: 문두 ~ing, S+V/ ~pp, S+V

                   문중 S, ~ing, +V/ S, ~pp, +V

                    문미 S+V, ~ing/ S+V, ~pp

ex) The man, leaning against the wall, gave me a smile

         s                                          v    I.O   D.O

- 예외적인 분사구문

(1) 접속사 생략 안하는 경우

: 일반 접속사 문장

ex) While she was walking down the street, she met Jane

: 접속사 생략X

ex) While walking down the street, she met Jane

(2) 주어를 생략 X(주어가 서로 다르기 때문)

ex) As the restaurant was(being) closed, I had to buy a cup noodle

-> The restaurant being closed, I had to buy a cup noodle

ex) If other conditions are the same, I will choose you

-> Other conditions being the same, I will choose you

(3) 시제가 다른 경우 (주절은 현재, 종속절은 과거)-> having pp 사용

ex) I am free tonight since I finished my homework yesterday

-> I am free tonight having finished my homework yesterday

ex) As he was born in America, he speaks English well

-> Having been born in America, he speaks English well

- 분사구문을 이용해 쓰이는 관용숙어

Generally speaking: 일반적으로 말하자면

Honestly speaking: 솔직히 말한다면

Briefly speaking: 간단히 말한다면

Judging by ~: ~로 판단하건데

Providing (that)~: ~라면

ex) I'm not a weeper, generally speaking, but yesterday I cried my eyes out